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Chapter 5

-Lysosomes

Chapter 6

- Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump

- Cotransport


- Endocytosis and Exocytosis

- Proton Pump

Chapter 7

- How Intracellular Receptors Regulate Gene Transcription


- Second Messengers - The cAMP and Ca Pathways

- Signal Amplification

Chapter 8

- A Biochemical Pathway


- Feedback Inhibition of Biochemical Pathways

Chapter 9

- Electron Transport System and ATP Synthesis

Chapter 10

- Cyclic and Noncyclic Photophosphorylation


- Photosynthetic Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis

Chapter 11

- Mitosis and Cytokinesis

- Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathway


- Bidirectional Replication of DNA

- Unique Features of Meiosis

Chapter 12

- Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis


- Random Orientation of Chromosomes During Meiosis

- Stages of Meiosis

Chapter 14

- Hershey and Chase Experiment


- Meselson and Stahl Experiment

- DNA Replication Fork

- How Nucleotides are Added in DNA Replication

Chapter 15


- Processing of Gene Information - Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes

- Protein Synthesis

- How Spliceosomes Process RNA

Chapter 16


- Restriction Endonucleases

- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms

- Early Genetic Engineering Experiment

- Constructing Vaccines


- Southern Blot

- cDNA

- Steps in Cloning a Gene

- Polymerase Chain Reaction


- Microarray

- The Ti Plasmid

Chapter 18

- The Tryptophan Repressor


- Combination of Switches - the Lac Operon

- Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

- Transcription Complex and Enhancers

Chapter 20


- Integration and Excision of a Plasmid

- Mechanism of Transposition

- The Consequence of Inversion

- Control of the Cell Cycle


- Slipped-strand Mispairing

- Conjugation with F Plasmid

- Thymine Dimers

- How Tumor Suppressor Genes Block Cell Division


Chapter 21

- The Consequence of Inversion

Chapter 26

- Treatment of HIV

- How Prions Arise


- HIV Replication

Chapter 28

- Malaria - Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Chapter 42

- Sarcomere Shortening


Chapter 43

- Three Phases of Gastric Secretion

Chapter 44

- Changes in the Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Chapter 45


- Chemical Synapse

- Membrane-Bound Receptors G Proteins and Ca2 Channels

- Voltage Gated Channels and the Action Potential

- Sodium-Potassium Exchange


- Action Potential Propagation in an Unmyelinated Axon

- Function of the Neuromuscular Junction

Chapter 46

- Effect of Sound Waves on Cochlear Structures


Chapter 47

- Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action

- Mechanism of Thyroxine Action

- Action of Epinephrine on a Liver Cell


Chapter 48

- Cytotoxic T-cell Activity Against Target Cells

- Interaction of Antigen Presenting Cells and T-helper Cells

- Monoclonal Antibody Production


- IgE Mediated Hypersensitivity

Chapter 50

- Spermatogenesis 

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